Unit1: CULTURAL ISSUES
AND VALUES:
VOCABULARY:
- EXPRESSIONS OF DEFINITION:
…is…
…refers to…
… is referred
to as…
…is defined
as…
…has been defined as...
…is the way of…
ex:
- Cultural anthropology: is/ refers to/ is referred to as being/has been defined as the study of human culture.
- An anthropologist is an expert in anthropology.
- Culture is the way of life of a particular group of people.
- A stereotype is defined as being a belief about
an individual or a group
based on the idea that everyone in a particular group will behave in the same
way.
- Hospitality and tolerance are values that are deeply rooted
in the Moroccan
culture.
- If you
happen to go to live in a foreign country with a different culture, you have to
adjust to it, otherwise you will feel as a
fish out of water.
- Different
cultures have different values. Values vary
from culture to culture.
- People from rural areas
stick to customs and traditions more than urban
people.
- Cultural
issues arise when groups of people believe another group behaves wrongly.
- Culture is learned and transmitted
from generation to generation.
- Deeper insights
into other people’s
customs, values and ideas minimize
conflict due to ignorance and intolerance.
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ASKING FOR CLARIFICATION:
.What does ‘the verb’… mean ?
.What is another word for…?
A: What is
another word for ‘aware’?
B: Conscious.
Vocabulary:
- uneasy:
uncomfortable.
- unlike: as opposed to.
- to obey:
to respect, to abide by.
- d issimilarities: differences.
- natural: healthy.
- wrongly ≠ rightly.
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Conditional: types 1 and 2:
- If you pay attention
in the classroom, you’ll understand better.
- I’ll continue my studies abroad if I get high grades in by bac exams.
- Mariam won’t marry Nabil if
he isn't an honest person.
- If I were you, I’d give up
smoking.
- We wouldn’t have so many car
accidents if both drivers and pedestrians
were careful enough.
- if Souad had money, she could buy a new laptop.
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Asking for, giving and responding to advice:
1.
Asking for advice:
- What do you think I should do?
- What do you suggest?
- What would you do if…?
- What’s your advice for…?
- What would you advise me to do?
- How can I …?
- What’s the best…?
- I don’t know what to do.
- What should I do?
2.Giving Advice:
- I think you should…
- May be you should…
- It’s best not to…
- It’s a good idea not to…
- Why don’t you…?
- If I were you, I would…
- You’d better (not)…
- Whatever you do, don’t…
- You should(n’t)/ought(n’t)to…
3.Responding to advice:
- That’s a good idea. Thanks.
- Thanks for your advice, but I really…
- Sorry, I can’t. I’m… ing…
- It sounds like a good idea.
- Thanks, but I’ve already…
- Thanks, but I doubt whether…
Ex:
Patient: I’m afraid I’m putting on weight, doctor.
What do you think I should do?
Doctor: It’s a good idea not to eat between meals and you’d better exercise at
least three times a week. May
be you should eat more
vegetables and less fatty food.
Patient: It sounds like a good idea! Thanks
for your advice,
doctor.
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Vocabulary:
ADJECTIVE/ MEANING:
Ambitious: hardworking, aspiring.
broad-minded: open-minded.
capable: competent, effective.
cheerful: light-hearted, joyful.
forgiving: willing to forgive others.
helpful: working for the
welfare of others.
honest: sincere, truthful.
imaginative: daring, creative.
independent: self-reliant.
logical: consistent, rational.
polite: courteous, well-mannered.
self-controlled: self-disciplined.
courageous: standing up for your beliefs.
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Expressing lack of understanding, interrupting and asking
for clarification:
1.Expressing lack of understanding:
- Could you say that again / repeat please? I beg your pardon?
- I’m not quite sure I follow you.
- I’m not quite sure I know what you mean. I beg your pardon, but I don’t
quite understand.
- I don’t quite see what you mean, I’m afraid.
- Sorry, I didn’t quite hear what you said. I’m not quite sure I got
your point.
- Sorry, I didn’t get your point, I’m afraid.
- I don’t quite see what you’re getting at.
2.Interrupting:
- Excuse me… Sorry, but…
- Excuse me for interrupting… May I interrupt for a moment? Can I add something?
- Can I say something here?
- I’d like to say something, if I may? Can I ask a question?
- May I ask a question?
3.Asking for clarification:
- What do you mean by…? Do you mean…?
- I’m not quite with you. What do you mean? Could you clarify that, please?
- Could you be more explicit?
- Could you explain what you mean by…? Could you possibly give us an example?
- I wonder if you could say that in a different way?
- Could you be a little bit more specific, please.
Expressions for clarifying one’s point / idea:
-
Let me explain that./ Sorry, let me explain./ To say that differently, …
-
Let me put it another way./ In
other words,…/ To put it differently, …
-Let me express
that differently./ In other
terms…/ Let me explain
that in more detail.
Ex:
headmaster: Mobile phones are not allowed at school.
Student: Sorry, sir. I’m not quite sure I know what you mean.
Headmaster: In other
words, you mustn’t use your mobile at school because they are forbidden.
Student: I’m sorry,
sir.
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The Past Perfect vs. The Past Perfect Continuous:
Form: P. Participle: had + past participle of the verb.
P. Participle Continuous:had + past participle + v…ing.
- After the cultural anthropologist had finished the lecture,
he flew to Tangier.
- by the time I went to see the doctor, I had been ill for at
least two weeks.
- Adib had bought
a brand new car before he got his driving licence.
- Once Ilham had read the advert about the job, she went to the Office of Admission.
- jane had done her
homework before she went out.
- When he arrived to the airport, there was no plane. It had already taken off. She didn’t go to bed until she had set her alarm clock.
- “Why didn’t you tell her that you had divorced your first wife?
- The fire had already spread to the neighbouring houses when the fire brigade arrived.
- Mounia and Jamal had been e-mailing each other before they got married.
- Jim had been studying
computer science for three years before he graduated.
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Phrasal Verbs:
- I’ve tried explaining how it works, but I just can’t get through to him.
- I’m taking the Baccalaureate this year, I will certainly
get through.
- I still
don’t know how to use Excel. Could you possibly go through the instructions again?
- classmates has been very ill, but her doctor
says she will pull through.
- I’ve looked through the editorial twice and can’t see the issue the editorialist is arguing for.