رصيد معرفي: إحياء النموذج

Unit1:                 CULTURAL ISSUES AND VALUES:

 

 

VOCABULARY:         

- EXPRESSIONS  OF  DEFINITION:

…is…

…refers to…

… is referred to as…

…is defined as…

…has been defined as...

…is the way of…

ex:

- Cultural anthropology: is/ refers to/ is referred to as being/has been defined as the study of human culture.

- An  anthropologist  is  an  expert  in  anthropology.

- Culture is the way of life of a particular group of people.

- A stereotype is defined as being a belief about an individual or a group based on the idea  that  everyone  in a  particular group will behave in the same way. 

- Hospitality and tolerance are values that are deeply rooted in the Moroccan culture.

- If you happen to go to live in a foreign country with a different culture, you have to adjust to it, otherwise you will    feel as a fish out of water.

- Different cultures have different values. Values vary from culture to culture.

-  People from rural areas stick to customs and traditions more than urban people.

- Cultural issues arise when groups of people believe another group behaves wrongly.

-  Culture is learned and transmitted from generation to  generation. 

- Deeper insights into other people’s customs, values and ideas minimize conflict due to ignorance and intolerance.

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ASKING FOR CLARIFICATION:

.What does ‘the verb’… mean ?

.What is another word for…?

A: What is another word for ‘aware’?

 B: Conscious.

Vocabulary:

- uneasy: uncomfortable.

- unlike: as opposed to.

- to obey: to respect, to abide by.

   -   d  issimilarities: differences.

- natural: healthy.

- wrongly ≠ rightly.

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Conditional: types 1 and 2:

- If you pay attention in the classroom, you’ll understand better.

- I’ll continue my studies abroad if I get high grades in by bac exams.

-  Mariam won’t marry Nabil if he isn't an honest person.

     - If I were you, I’d give up smoking.

- We wouldn’t have so many car accidents if both drivers and pedestrians were careful enough.     

-      if Souad had money, she could buy a new laptop.

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Asking for, giving and responding to advice:

 

1. Asking for advice:

- What do you think I should do?

- What do you suggest?

- What would you do if…?

- What’s your advice for…?

- What would you advise me to do?

- How can I …?

- What’s the best…?

- I don’t know what to do.

- What should I do?

 

2.Giving Advice:

- I think you should…

- May be you should…

- It’s best not to…

- It’s a good idea not to…

- Why don’t you…?

- If I were you, I would…

- You’d better (not)…

- Whatever you do, don’t…

- You should(n’t)/ought(n’t)to…

 

3.Responding to advice:

- That’s a good idea. Thanks.

- Thanks for your advice, but I really…

- Sorry, I can’t. I’m… ing…

- It sounds like a good idea.

- Thanks, but I’ve already…

- Thanks, but I doubt whether…

Ex:

Patient: I’m afraid I’m putting on weight, doctor. What do you think I should do?

Doctor: It’s a good idea not to eat between meals and you’d better exercise at least three times a week. May be you should eat more vegetables and less fatty food.

Patient: It sounds like a good idea! Thanks for your advice, doctor.

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Vocabulary: ADJECTIVE/ MEANING:

 

Ambitious:            hardworking, aspiring.

broad-minded:   open-minded.

capable:                 competent, effective.

cheerful:                 light-hearted, joyful.

forgiving:               willing to forgive others.

helpful:                   working for the welfare of others.

honest:                    sincere, truthful.

imaginative:        daring, creative.

independent:      self-reliant.

logical:                     consistent, rational.

polite:                      courteous, well-mannered.

self-controlled:   self-disciplined.

courageous:          standing up for your beliefs.

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Expressing lack of understanding, interrupting and asking for clarification:

  1.Expressing lack of understanding:

- Could you say that again / repeat please? I beg your pardon?

- I’m not quite sure I follow you.

- I’m not quite sure I know what you mean. I beg your pardon, but I don’t quite understand.

- I don’t quite see what you mean, I’m afraid.

- Sorry, I didn’t quite hear what you said. I’m not quite sure I got your point.

- Sorry, I didn’t get your point, I’m afraid.

- I don’t quite see what you’re getting at.

 

2.Interrupting:

- Excuse me… Sorry, but…

- Excuse me for interrupting… May I interrupt for a moment? Can I add something?

- Can I say something here?

- I’d like to say something, if I may? Can I ask a question?

- May I ask a question?

 

3.Asking for clarification:

 - What do you mean by…? Do you mean…?

- I’m not quite with you. What do you mean? Could you clarify that, please?

- Could you be more explicit?

- Could you explain what you mean by…? Could you possibly give us an example?

- I wonder if you could say that in a different way?

- Could you be a little bit more specific, please.

 

Expressions for clarifying one’s point / idea:

-  Let me explain that./ Sorry, let me explain./ To say that differently, …

-  Let me put it another way./ In other words,…/ To put it differently, …

  -Let me express that differently./ In other terms…/ Let me explain that in more detail.

Ex:

headmaster: Mobile phones are not allowed at school.

Student: Sorry, sir. I’m not quite sure I know what you mean.

Headmaster: In other words, you mustn’t use your mobile at school because they are forbidden.

Student: I’m sorry, sir.

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The Past Perfect vs. The Past Perfect Continuous:

 

Form: P. Participle: had + past participle of the verb.

           P. Participle Continuous:had + past participle + v…ing.

 

- After the cultural anthropologist had finished the lecture, he flew to Tangier.

-    by the time I went to see the doctor, I had been ill for at least two weeks.

- Adib had bought a brand new car before he got his driving licence.

- Once Ilham had read the advert about the job, she went to the Office of Admission.

-   jane had done her homework before she went out.

- When he arrived to the airport, there was no plane. It had already taken off. She didn’t go to bed until she had set her alarm clock.

- “Why didn’t you tell her that you had divorced your first wife?

- The fire had already spread to the neighbouring houses when the fire brigade arrived. 

-     Mounia and Jamal had been e-mailing each other before they got married.

- Jim had been studying computer science for three years before he graduated.

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Phrasal Verbs:

- I’ve tried explaining how it works, but I just can’t get through to him.     

- I’m taking the Baccalaureate this year, I will certainly get through.                      

- I still don’t know how to use Excel. Could you possibly go through the instructions again?          

- classmates has been very ill, but her doctor says she will pull through.                                

   - I’ve looked through the editorial twice and can’t see the issue the editorialist is arguing for. 

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